BIM-enabled implementation of augmented and virtual reality in Sri Lankan construction: benefits, barriers, and strategies

Abstract

The Sri Lankan construction industry is hindered by persistent challenges such as project delays, cost overruns, and quality control issues. This paper presents the potential of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR), enabled by Building Information Modeling (BIM), as transformative technologies to mitigate these problems. Following a qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with eleven expert Quantity Surveyors, the research investigates the practical applications and implementation challenges of AR/VR. Key findings reveal significant benefits, including enhanced design visualization and process automation. However, the realization of these benefits is challenged by substantial barriers to adoption, primarily high initial costs, a critical skills gap, and cultural resistance. The paper concludes by proposing practical, expert-led strategic recommendations for government, industry, and academia. These recommendations outline a multi-stakeholder approach to foster an ecosystem for innovation, aiming to enhance productivity and sustainability in the Sri Lankan construction sector.